PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG HASIL KEJAHATAN SIBER (CYBER CRIME) MELALUI MATA UANG DIGITAL (CRYPTO CURRENCY)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30999/jph.v4i2.1480Keywords:
Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Kejahatan Siber, Mata Uang DigitalAbstract
This study aims to examine the crime of money laundering originating from cyber crimes through digital currency (Crypto Currency). This research uses a normative juridical approach with primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that this virtual bitcoin currency has been defined by the FATF as a digital representation of exchange rates that can be traded virtually and functions as (1) a medium of exchange; and/or (2) one unit of account; and/or (3) a store of value, but does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. Bitcoin as a digital currency, can still be mentioned in the explanation of financial transactions in Article 1 number 4 of Law no. 8 of 2010, which refers to the receipt, transfer, deposit, withdrawal, book-entry, payment, grant, donation, deposit, and/or exchange of a sum of money or other actions and/or activities related to money. So, bitcoin should still be penalized if it is related to the transactions made. Activities that can be carried out legally through bitcoin are only in the form of investments so that they are vulnerable to money laundering. In an effort to overcome the occurrence of money laundering through digital currency in Indonesia, Indonesia can take several examples of law enforcement models in several countries such as Switzerland.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tindak pidana pencucian uang yang berasal dari kejahatan siber melalui mata uang digital (Crypto Currency) Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap permasalahan hukum dari sisi normatif berdasarkan aturan hukum dalam perundang-undangan maupun norma. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan bahan hukum hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Mata uang virtual bitcoin ini telah didefinisikan oleh FATF sebagai representasi digital dari nilai tukar yang dapat diperdagangkan secara virtual dan berfungsi sebagai (1) media pertukaran; dan / atau (2) satu unit akun; dan / atau (3) penyimpan nilai, tetapi tidak memiliki status tender legal di yurisdiksi mana pun. Bitcoin sebagai mata uang digital, tetap dapat disinggung di dalam penjelasan mengenai transaksi keuangan dalam Pasal 1 angka 4 UU No. 8 Tahun 2010, yaitu merujuk pada penerimaan, pentransferan, penyetoran, penarikan, pemindahbukuan, pembayaran, hibah, sumbangan, penitipan, dan/atau penukaran atas sejumlah uang atau tindakan dan/atau kegiatan lain yang berhubungan dengan uang. Maka, bitcoin pun seharusnya tetap dapat dipidanakan jika terkait dengan transaksi yang dilakukan. Kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan secara legal melalui bitcoin hanya dalam bentuk investasi sehingga rentan terjadi tindakan pencucian uang di dalamnya. Dalam upaya penanggulangan terjadinya tindak pidana pencucian uang melalui mata uang digital di Indonesia maka Indonesia dapat mengambil beberapa contoh model penengakan hukum di beberapa Negara seperti diantaranya Swiss.
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